تبیین تأثیر طرد اجتماعی بر گرایش به مصرف مواد مخدر در بین زنان

One of the harms of social exclusion is increasing the tendency to use drugs. The present study was conducted with the aim of sociologically explaining the effect of social rejection on the tendency to use drugs among women who refer to drug withdrawal and rehabilitation centers in Tehran. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, the statistical population of the research was women referring to the above centers in Tehran, and 385 of them were selected as a statistical sample based on the multi-stage random cluster sampling method. The research results showed; The independent variables of the research have explained a total of about 37% of the changes in the dependent variable, i.e. the tendency to use drugs, and about 60% of the changes in the dependent variable of the research have been evaluated outside of the researcher's imaginary model, also based on the results of the research of the seven variables; Non-present social relations, present social relations, associational participation, intergroup support, intragroup support and non-associational participation respectively had the greatest negative effect on the tendency to use drugs, in contrast to the independent variable of exclusion from the labor market in the tendency of the studied subjects. It had a positive effect on drug use. In better words, the variables; Face-to-face social relations, non-face-to-face social relations, association participation and intergroup support and intra-group support and non-association participation have had a reducing effect on the tendency to use drugs, but exclusion from the labor market has had an increasing effect.
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Keywords




Social Exclusion, Drug Use Tendency, Exclusion from Labor, Intra-Group Support, Institutional Participation, Noninstitutional Participation‌
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‌Introduction
The acceptance and rejection of individuals by those around them have profound effects on their behavior. Backbiting, lack of association, lack of place, ridicule and sarcasm, pointing fingers, dishonor and notoriety, shame, a desire to be alone, feeling singled out, and sensitivity to the behavior of others are among the mechanisms that intensify social rejection, some from the society and some from the individual. It is rejected, applied, and plunges the person further into the abyss of social exclusion, ultimately causing various consequences in social relationships and individual feelings (Firouzabadi et al., 2015).
It seems that people with higher rejection sensitivity are more likely to use drugs because it may be easier to ignore rejection, and the signs of rejection are neutral in environments prone to drug use (Chen et al., 2017; Howard et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2017; Zin et al., 2017).
The findings of various research studies show that addicts who use fewer drugs, compared to those who spend more time on drugs, have better and more meaningful relationships with their family and friends. These results suggest the possibility of a relationship between the type of social relationships and the amount of drug use by drug addicts.
Additionally, research conducted on the amount of drug use, the tendency of drug addicts to abuse drugs, and the feeling of rejection and loneliness revealed that emotional regulation and feelings of loneliness and rejection play a role in the tendency of many individuals addicted to drugs (Chen et al., 2017; Howard et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2017; Zin et al., 2017).
However, studies in the field of social harms show that a significant number of delinquencies and crimes are committed by people whose ties and solidarity with their surroundings have been lost or are very weak. Given this, whether social rejection causes the tendency to use drugs among women or not and how this concept affects drug use was an issue that needed more research and investigation; hence, the present study has investigated the effect of different dimensions of social exclusion on the tendency of women to use drugs, exploring both the possibility of this effect on one hand and the impact of various dimensions of social exclusion on the tendency to use drugs among women on the other hand.
 
Methodology
To examine and study the current research in accordance with theories proposed in the field of social exclusion, such as Silver, Zebra, Munk, Bourdieu, Giddens, and Evandrou, it was necessary to first calculate the dimensions of social exclusion and then examine the impact of these dimensions on the tendency to use drugs. In other words, the theoretical claim of the researcher, based on the examination of total internal and external backgrounds, suggests that social exclusion provides a context for rejected individuals, increasing the tendency to use drugs. Although other factors are also involved in this field, there may be a two-way relationship in this context, wherein the consumption of drugs can also lead to the social exclusion of individuals. However, considering the study's statistical population and the research purpose, this study focuses on measuring the effect of social exclusion on the tendency to use drugs.
In the current research, field studies and survey techniques were employed to collect data. The researcher studied the sociological explanation of the impact of social exclusion on the tendency to use drugs among women who seek rehabilitation in drug addiction centers in Tehran. A quantitative approach was deemed necessary, and the results of the work can be used to address existing needs and problems.
The statistical population of the study included all women who sought rehabilitation in drug addiction centers in Tehran. A multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used, with a calculated sample size of 385 people according to Cochran's formula. To collect research data, the researcher designed a questionnaire specifically aimed at sociologically determining and explaining the effect of social exclusion on the tendency to use drugs among women who seek rehabilitation in these centers. The researcher-made questionnaire, consisting of 21 items and using a 5-point Likert scale (completely disagree, disagree, no opinion, agree, and completely agree), was administered to individuals undergoing drug addiction rehabilitation in Tehran. This questionnaire measured the effect of seven dimensions of social exclusion (lack of non-association participation, lack of association participation, absence of non-present social relations, absence of present social relations, lack of inter-group support, lack of intra-group support, and exclusion from the labor market) on people's tendency to use drugs.
 
Findings‌
Based on the results obtained from the test of research hypotheses and multiple regression analysis, it can be stated that the independent variables of the research have determined and explained a total of about 37% of the changes in the dependent variable, i.e., the tendency to use drugs, and about 60% of the changes in the dependent variable of the research are evaluated outside the researcher's conceptual model. Also, based on the research results of the seven variables, a decrease in informal social relations with a beta of 0.280, exclusion from the labor market with a beta of 0.269, a decrease in face-to-face social relations with a beta of 0.268, a decrease in social participation with a beta of 0.160, a decrease in intergroup support with a beta of 0.159, a reduction of intragroup support with a beta of 0.148, and a reduction of non-associational contributions with a beta of 0.145, as dimensions of exclusion from society, have the greatest impact on the tendency to consume drugs. Considering the results of multiple regression analysis and beta coefficients, it can be said that all research hypotheses were confirmed in the target statistical sample.
 
Result‌
Exclusion from society and social relations has harmful results for rejected people, ranging from isolation to suicide attempts. The present research, conducted with the aim of understanding the effect of social exclusion on the tendency to use drugs among women, demonstrated that social rejection of women plays a significant role in the tendency to use drugs. This requires serious attention and consideration from those responsible for the matter. Given the positive tendency of the studied women towards drug use (with an average of 3.54) and the intensification of this tendency due to the increase in social exclusion, it is necessary to take measures to increase the social acceptability of addicted women and their integration into society.
It is evident that the variables: a decrease in informal social relations, exclusion from the labor market, a decrease in face-to-face social relations, a decrease in association participation, a decrease in intergroup support, a decrease in group support, and a decrease in non-associational participation, as dimensions of exclusion from society, were responsible for influencing the tendency to use drugs the most. However, in addition to the above-mentioned factors, according to the results of the research and field observations of the researcher, it seems that a trend called the feminization of addiction is occurring in Iran at a very high speed. This trend can shake the foundation of the Iranian family, and it is necessary for those in charge to take the necessary measures to reduce the social harm of the feminization of addiction. One clear sign of this phenomenon is the decrease in the age of addiction among women in Iran, which is the tip of the iceberg. Female addiction is rampant, and if necessary, measures are not taken, it can cause irreparable damage to the social body.
 
 
 
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