Andrews, G., Singh, M. & Bond, M. (1993). The defense style questionnaire.
Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181(4), 246-256.
Behbodi, M. (2001). The prevalence of postpartum depression and the effective factors of referred women to Beheshti Health center. Thesis of Master, Psychology, Tehran: Beheshti University. (In Persian)
Benute, G. R. G., Nozzella, D. C. R., Prohaska, C., Liao, A., De Lucia, M. C. & Zugaib, M. (2013). Twin pregnancies: Evaluation of major depression, stress, and social support. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 16(2), 629-633.
Besharat, M. A. (2018). Social loneliness scale: Questionnaire, instruction and scoring (Farsi Version). Journal of Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 14(56), 475-476. (In Persian)
Besharat, M. A., Hajiaqazadeh, M. & Ghorbani, N. (2007). Analysis of the relationship between emotional intelliggence. Biannual Journal of the Iranian Psychological Association, 2(1), 25-56. (In Persian)
Brooks-Gunn, J. & Chase-Lansdale, P. L. (1995). Adolescent parenthood. Paper presented at the Portions were presented at a conference entitled" Outcomes of Early Childbearing: An Appraisal of Recent Evidence," Bethesda, MD, May 1992.
Caligor, E., Kernberg, O. F. & Clarkin, J. F. (2007). Handbook of dynamic psychotherapy for higher level personality pathology: American Psychiatric Pub.
Crane, R. M. (2005). Social distance and loneliness as they relate to headphones used with portable audio technology. Humboldt State University,
Dennis, C. L. & Vigod, S. (2020). Preventing postpartum depression: Fatigue management is a place to start. Evidence-Based Nursing, 23(1), 25-25.
DiTommaso, E. & Spinner, B. (1993). The development and initial validation of the social and emotional loneliness scale for adults (SELSA). Personality and Individual Differences, 14(1), 127-134.
Freud, A. (1946). The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense. NewYork: Publisher, International Universities Press.
Freud, S. (1923). The Ego and the Id. In J. Strachey et al. (Trans.), The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume XIX. London: Hogarth Press.
Gan, Y., Xiong, R., Song, J., Xiong, X., Yu, F., Gao, W., Hu, H., Zhang, J., Tian,Y., Gu, X., Zhang, J. & Chen, D. (2019). The effect of perceived social support during early pregnancy on depressive symptoms at 6 weeks postpartum: a prospective study. BMC Psychiatry, 19(1), 1-8.
Ghorbani, N. (2003). Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy: Basics and techniques. Tehran: Publications of SAMT. (In Persian)
Hays, R. D. & DiMatteo, M. R. (1987). A short-form measure of loneliness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 51(1), 69-81.
Hooman, H. A. (2005). Modeling structural equations using Lisrel software. Tehran: Publications of SAMT. (In Persian)
Hu, L. T. & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
Jenaabadi, H., Nastiezaie, N. & Marziyeh, A. (2018). The role of perceived social support and feelings of social-emotional loneliness in addiction relapse (Case study: Self-referred addicts to drug rehab centers in Zahedan). Etiadpajohi, 11(44), 91-106. (In Persian(
Khan, M. J. & Gul, S. (2016). Differences in defense mechanisms between depressive patients and non-depressive individuals. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 14(2), 47-51.
Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. Publisher, The Guilford Press; Fourth edition.
MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W. & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1, 130-149.
Maryami, F., Maryami, Z., Bigdeli, I., Najafi, M. & Kiani, M. (2020). The role of social support and personality traits in the incidence of postpartum depression. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, 22(1), 88-94. (In Persian)
McMahon, C., Barnett, B., Kowalenko, N. & Tennant, C. (2005). Psychological factors associated with persistent postnatal depression: past and current relationships, defence styles and the mediating role of insecure attachment style. Journal of Affective Disorders, 84(1), 15-24.
Mesgarian, F., Azad Fallah, P., Farahani, H. & Ghorbani, N. (2017). Object Relations and defense mechanisms in social anxiety. Journal of Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 14(53), 3-14. (In Persian)
Nikpour, M., Delavar, M. A. & Abedian, Z. (2013). Type of delivery and self-reported postpartum symptoms among Iranian women. Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology, 40(1), 144-147.
Norouzi, Z. & Mohammadi, M. (2015). Prediction of postpartum depression based on parental bonding, history of anxiety, and depression among women attended health care centers in Shiraz. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences, 21(127), 24-30. (In Persian)
Peindl, K. S., Wisner, K. L. & Hanusa, B. H. J. (2004). Identifying depression in the first postpartum year: guidelines for office-based screening and referral. Journal of Affective Disorders, 80(1), 37-44.
Peplau, L. A. (1985). Loneliness research: Basic concepts and findings. Social Support: Theory, Research and Applications, 269–286.
Plutchik, R., Kellerman, H. & Conte, H. R. (1979). A Structural Theory of Ego Defenses and Emotions. Emotions in Personality and Psychopathology, 227–257.
Pourkhaleghi, N., Askarizadeh, G. & Fazilat-Pour, M. (2017). Predicting post-partum depression of nulliparous women: Role of social support and delivery type. Journal of Health and Care,19(1), 18-29. (In Persian)
Ranjbari, T., Besharat, M. A. & Pourhossein, R. (2017). The mediating role of defense mechanisms in the relationship between attachment pathologies and the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Journal of Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 14(53), 15-27. (In Persian)
Raphael-Leff, J. (2018). 'Climbing the walls': Therapeutic intervention for post-partum disturbance 1. In 'Spilt milk' (pp. 60-81): Routledge.
Russell, D. W. J. (1996). UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(1), 20-40.
Stern, D. (1995). The Motherhood Constellation. A Unified View of Parent-Infant Psychotherapy. NewYork (Basic Books) .
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics (Vol. 5). Boston, MA: Pearson..
Vaillant, G. E. J. A. (1971). Theoretical hierarchy of adaptive ego mechanisms: A 30-year follow-up of 30 men selected for psychological health. Archives of General Psychiatry, 24(2), 107-118.
Watson, D. C. (2002). Predicting psychiatric symptomatology with the Defense Style Questionnaire-40. International Journal of Stress Management, 9(4), 275-287.
Zaidi, F., Nigam, A., Anjum, R., Agarwalla, R. (2017). Postpartum depression in women: A risk factor analysis. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 11(8), QC13- QC16.