The role of marital virtue components in predicting ‎happiness and marital satisfaction of married men and women in ‎Tehran City

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Associate Professor of psychology, Department of Psychology, Research Institute of Women, Alzahra University

Abstract

The current research was administrated with the aim of investigating the role of marital ‎virtues to predict happiness and marital satisfaction of married men and women in ‎Tehran. Descriptive and correlational research strategy is used to collect and analyze ‎data. So, 154 married women and 144 married men were selected through convenient ‎sampling from south, north, center, east, and west of Tehran City. The participants ‎completed the researcher-made marital virtues scale, the short form of happiness scale, ‎and the Hendrik relation assessment scale. Data were analyzed using correlation and ‎stepwise regression test. The results showed significant correlation between all marital ‎sub-virtues with happiness and marital satisfaction in married women and men. Also, the ‎results showed two sub-virtues including fairness and honesty have the greatest ‎contribution in predicting marital satisfaction and honesty and appreciation have the ‎important role in prediction of happiness in married women and men. Having positive ‎personality traits and cultivating moral virtues is important predictor of marital ‎satisfaction and happiness in couples.‎

Keywords


Akhavi Samarin. Z., Navabi Nejad, Sh. Sanaei Zaker, B. and Akbari, M. (2013). Attachment Styles and Forgiveness among Women Applying for Divorce and the Ordinary Women.Women’s Studies (Sociological & Psychological),11(2): 55-82(Text In Persian).
Beheshti, M., Abu Ja'fari, M. and Faqihi, A. (2000). Muslim scholars' opinions on education and its foundations. Volume II. Research Institute of Hawzah and University (RIHU) & SAMT publication(Text In Persian)
 Caughlin, J.P. (2002). The demand/withdraw pattern of communication as a predictor of relationship adjustment over time: Unresolved issues and future directions. Human Communication Research, 28: 49–85.
Dehshiri, G. R. and Mousavi, S. F. (2014). Gender as a moderator in comparing happiness and life satisfaction in satisfied & non-satisfied married people. Rooyesh, 3(7): 19-30(Text In Persian).
Dehshiri, G. R. and Mousavi, S. F. (2016). Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Relationship Assessment Scale among couples. Journal of Family Research, 12(1): 141-154(Text In Persian).
Fincham, F. D. (2003). Marital Conflict: Correlates, Structure, and Context. Current Directions in Psychological Science. 12(1):23-27.
Finkel, N. J. (2000). But it’s not fair! Commonsense notions of unfairness. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 6: 898–952.
Fowers, B.J. (1998). Psychology and the good marriage. American Behavioral Scientist, 41:516-541.
Fowers, B.J. (2000). Beyond the myth of marital happiness. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Frisch, M. B. (1998). Quality of life therapy and assessment in health care. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5: 19–40.
Ghobadi, K., Dehghani, M., Mansour, L. and Abbasi, M. (2011). Division of household labor, perceived justice (fairness), and marital satisfaction. Journal of Family Research, 7(26): 207-222(Text In Persian).
Haghiyan, E., Sadeghi, M. S., Panaghi, L. and Mootabi, F. (2017).Predictive Pattern of Marital Happiness in Married Individuals. Journal of Family Research, 13(2): 179-196(Text In Persian).
Halford, W.K., Bouma, R., Kelly, A. and Young, R.M. (1999). Individual psychopathology and marital distress. Behavior Modification, 23: 179–216.
Hawkins, A.J., Blanchard, V.L., Fawcett, E.B. and Jenkins, J. (2007). Is marriage and relationship education effective? Paper presented at the Society for Prevention Research Annual Conference, May 30, 2007, Washington, DC. Retrieved from http://www.acf.hhs.gov/healthymarriage/ pdf/metaanalysis_07.pdf
Hawkins, A.J., Fowers, B.J., Carroll, J.S. and Yang, C. (2007). Conceptualizing and measuring a construct of marital virtues. In S. Hofferth & L. Casper (Eds.), Handbook of measurement issues in family research (pp. 67–84). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Hendrick, S. S. (1988). A generic measure of relationship satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50: 93–98.
Hills, P. and Argyle, M. (2002). The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: A compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 33(7): 1073-1082.‏
Hojatkhah M., mohammadi, M. and Valadbaygi, P. (2016). The Relationship Between Attachment Styles, Personality Traits, and Forgiveness to The Attitude Towards Extramarital Relations in The Married Couples of The City of Kermanshah. Women’s Studies (Sociological & Psychological),14(4): 209-228(Text In Persian).
Jeffries, V. (2000). Virtue and marital conflict: A theoretical formulation and research agenda. Sociological Perspectives, 43(2): 231-246.‏
Kang, T. and Jaswal, S. (2009). Marital stability as a correlate of Parenting. Studies of Home Communication Sciences, 3(1): 39-42.
Kazemian Moghaddam K., Mehrabizadeh Honarmand M., Kiamanesh A. and Hosseiniyan S. (2017). The role of differentiation, meaningfulness in life and forgiveness in predicting martial satisfaction. Journal of Family Psychology, 3 (2):71-82(Text In Persian).
Kramer, D. A. (2000). Wisdom as a classical source of human strength:Conceptualization and empirical inquiry. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19: 83–101.
Lawrence, E., Brock, R. L., Barry, R. A., Langer, A. and Bunde, M. (2009). Assessing relationship quality: Development of an interview and implications for couple assessment and intervention. Psychology of relationships, 173-189.‏
Maliki, F., Abedi, M. R. and Diarian, M. M. (2016). Prediction of marital satisfaction based on wisdom and happiness among women in Isfahan. Journal of Psychology and Educational Sciences, 2 (1/2): 54-47(Text In Persian).
McCullough, M. E., & Snyder, C. R. (2000). Classical source of human strength: Revisiting an old home and building a new one. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19: 1–10.
McDonald, J. E., Olson, J. R., Lanning, A. H., Goddard, H. W. and Marshall, J. P. (2018). Effects of Religiosity, Forgiveness, and Spousal Empathy on Marital Adjustment. Marriage & Family Review, 54(4): 393-416.
Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G. and Guarino, A. J. (2006). Applied multivariate research: Design and interpretation. Sage.
 Mousavi, S. F. and Dehshiri, G. R. (2016). A survey on the attitude towards moral competencies in marital life. Abstract articles of the 7th Family Pathology Congress. Shahid Beheshti University May 21-22(Text In Persian).
Mousavi, S. F. (2016). The Predictive Role of Interpersonal Forgiveness in protecting against Marital Instability in Married Couples.International Journal of Psychology, 10 (2):82-104(Text In Persian).
Mousavi, S. F. (2018). Marital Virtues: Construct and Validation of Marital Virtues Scale. Research project of Women Research Center. unpublished.
Naderi, H., Pourshahryar, H. and Shokri, O. (2016). Mediation of conflict handling styles in the relation between virtues and marital satisfaction.  Journal of Family Research, 11(44): 417-438(Text In Persian).
Najafi, M., Dehshiri, G. R.,  Dabiri, S., Sheykhi, M. and Jafari, N. (2012). Psychometric properties of Persian version of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire among college students. Educational Measurement, 3(10): 55-73([Text In Persian).
Novak, J. R., Smith, H. M., Larson, J. H. and Crane, D. R. (2018). Commitment, Forgiveness, and Relationship Self‐Regulation: An Actor Partner Interdependence Model of Relationship Virtues and Relationship Effort in Couple Relationships. Journal of marital and family therapy, 44(2): 353-365.
Park, N., Peterson, C. and Seligman, M. E. (2004). Strengths of character and well-being. Journal of social and Clinical Psychology, 23(5): 603-619.
Peterson, C and Seligman, M. E. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. Oxford University Press.‏
Putnam, D. (1997). Psychological courage. Philosophy, Psychiatry and Psychology, 4: 1–11.
Renshaw, Keith D, McKnight, Patrick. Caska, Catherine M. and Blais, Rebecca K. (2011). The utility of the relationship assessment scale in multiple types of relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships,28: 435.
Seligman, M. E., Parks, A. C. and Steen, T. (2004). A balanced psychology and a full life. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 359(1449): 1379.
Seligman, M.E.P. and Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55: 5–14.
Sheldon, P., Gilchrist-Petty, E. and Lessley, J. A. (2014). You did what? The relationship between forgiveness tendency, communication of forgiveness, and relationship satisfaction in married and dating couples. Communication Reports, 27(2): 78-90.
Snyder, D.K. and Schenider, W.J. (2002) Affective reconstruction: A pluralistic, developmental approach. In A. Gurman & N. Jacobson (Eds.), Clinical Handbook of Couple Therapy (151-179). New York: Guilford Press.
Stevens, N. J. (2005). How virtues and values affect marital intimacy.‏ All Theses and Dissertations. Paper 604.
Taylor, S. E., Klein, L. C., Lewis, B. P., Gruenewald, T. L., Gurung, R. A. R. and Updegraff, J. A. (2000). Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend and befriend, not fight-or-flight. Psychological Review, 107: 422–429.
Wallerstein, J. S. and Blakeslee, S. (1995). The good marriage: How and why love lasts. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
Waring, E. M. (2013). Enhancing Marital Intimacy through Facilitating Cognitive Self Disclosure. Routledge.