Women and the Experience of Social Exclusion (A Qualitative Study of Female Housewives in Sanandaj)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Kurdistan University, Kurdistan, Iran

2 MA. in Sociology, Kurdistan University, Kurdistan, Iran

Abstract

Housewives, opposed to other women, are more prone to be subject to social exclusion, given that their identity - a dominant functional identity – is formed in the context of family and home. The present study seeks to identify the areas, contexts, interactions and consequences of social exclusion of housewives based on their lived experiences. The present study uses a qualitative approach and the grounded theory framework. Sampling was conducted using purposeful sampling and maximum diversity, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. The sample comprised of 29 women from the city of Sanandaj, aged 22-46. The results suggest that gender stereotypes and home-based socialization are affective in the social exclusion of housewives. The routineness and the homogeneity of housekeeping serve as facilitating factors and the polarization of the family atmosphere and the reduction of identity work as intervening conditions. Housewives’ semantic reconstruction and understanding of housekeeping indicate the restriction of privacy and individual freedoms, external care and control, and superficiality of decision-making. Facing such challenges and circumstances, the housewives tend to resort to such strategies as the critical evaluation of the past, adaptation, virtualization of communication, and personal growth. Based on the present study, the housekeeping experience of the housewives results in interpersonal disorders, dissatisfaction, social disappointment, social isolation, and vulnerability. The main issue is the suspension of identity; namely, subjective exclusion (personal aspect and the lived experiences of housewives) and objective exclusion (the structural aspect of social exclusion).

Keywords

References

 
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